Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
3 Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China

The connection between Maxwell’s equations and artificial neural networks has revolutionized the capability and efficiency of nanophotonic design. Such a machine learning tool can help designers avoid iterative, time-consuming electromagnetic simulations and even allows long-desired inverse design. However, when we move from conventional design methods to machine-learning-based tools, there is a steep learning curve that is not as user-friendly as commercial simulation software. Here, we introduce a real-time, web-based design tool that uses a trained deep neural network (DNN) for accurate far-field radiation prediction, which shows great potential and convenience for antenna and metasurface designs. We believe our approach provides a user-friendly, readily accessible deep learning design tool, with significantly reduced difficulty and greatly enhanced efficiency. The web-based tool paves the way to present complicated machine learning results in an intuitive way. It also can be extended to other nanophotonic designs based on DNNs and replace conventional full-wave simulations with a much simpler interface.

Photonics Research
2021, 9(4): 0400B104
Neuromorphic metasurfaceDownload:814次
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Metasurfaces have been used to realize optical functions such as focusing and beam steering. They use subwavelength nanostructures to control the local amplitude and phase of light. Here we show that such control could also enable a new function of artificial neural inference. We demonstrate that metasurfaces can directly recognize objects by focusing light from an object to different spatial locations that correspond to the class of the object.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(1): 01000054
Neuromorphic metasurfaceDownload:795次
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Metasurfaces have been used to realize optical functions such as focusing and beam steering. They use subwavelength nanostructures to control the local amplitude and phase of light. Here we show that such control could also enable a new function of artificial neural inference. We demonstrate that metasurfaces can directly recognize objects by focusing light from an object to different spatial locations that correspond to the class of the object.
Photonics Research
2020, 8(1): 01000046
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
2 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
3 Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
We show optical waves passing through a nanophotonic medium can perform artificial neural computing. Complex information is encoded in the wavefront of an input light. The medium transforms the wavefront to realize sophisticated computing tasks such as image recognition. At the output, the optical energy is concentrated in well-defined locations, which, for example, can be interpreted as the identity of the object in the image. These computing media can be as small as tens of wavelengths and offer ultra-high computing density. They exploit subwavelength scatterers to realize complex input/output mapping beyond the capabilities of traditional nanophotonic devices.
Photonics Research
2019, 7(8): 08000823

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